The Frog-Biting Midges of Borneo—From Two to Eleven Species (Corethrellidae: Diptera)

نویسنده

  • ULMAR GRAFE
چکیده

The Corethrella Coquillett of Borneo are described and interpreted, based primarily on material from Brunei Darussalam and a few locations in the Malaysian states of Sarawak and Sabah. The eleven species include three previously named (one newly discovered in Borneo) and eight newly named species. The following new species are attributed to Borkent & Grafe: C. lutea, C. tigrina, C. gilva, C. nanoantennalis, C. mitra and C. bipigmenta. Two new species, C. bicincta and C. unizona are attributed to Borkent, Grafe & Miyagi. Of the eleven Bornean species, 10 are recorded from Brunei Darussalam and eight of these are also known from at least Sarawak. This distribution of species as well as comparison of species collected directly from calling frogs with those collected with frog-call traps (some with modified sound) indicate that diversity is not as high as in Central America (the only other tropical area intensely sampled). Surveys of aquatic habitats show that Corethrella are absent from phytotelmata (water bodies held by plants) in Borneo, other than C. calathicola Edwards which is present in some species of Nepenthes and a species most closely related to a relatively derived group of Neotropical species occupying treeholes (C. calathicola likely dispersed from the Neotropical Region). Phylogenetic analysis indicates that, other than C. calathicola, species are members of an early lineage called the drakensbergensis species group (n = 6), is the sister group of a large assemblage of Old and New World species (n = 1) or cannot be placed phylogenetically (probably because of lack of immatures and males) (n = 3). Abstrak (Bahasa Melayu) Corethrella Coquillett dari Borneo dideskripsikan dan ditafsirkan berdasarkan sampel-sampel yang diperolehi dari Brunei Darussalam dan beberapa lokasi di Malaysia iaitu Sarawak dan Sabah. Sebelas spesies termasuk tiga spesies yang telah dinamakan sebelumnya (satu spesies baru saja ditemui di Borneo) dan lapan spesies yang baru dinamakan. Spesies baru berikut merujuk kepada Borkent & Grafe: C. lutea, C. tigrina, C. gilva, C. nanoantennalis, C. mitra dan C. bipigmenta. Sementara itu terdapat dua agi spesies baru iaitu C. bicincta dan C. unizona yang merujuk kepada Borkent, Grafe & Miyagi. Daripada sebelas spesies Corethrella yang didokumenkan di Borneo, 10 daripadanya direkodkan dari Brunei Darussalam dan lapan daripada spesies ini juga diketahui kewujudannya sekurang-kurangnya di Sarawak. Taburan spesies ini serta perbandingan di antara spesies yang dikumpulkan secara langsung dari katak-katak yang berbunyi dengan sampel-sampel yang dikumpulkan melalui perangkap yang telah dipasang dengan bunyi katak (beberapa dengan beberapa bunyi yang telah diubah suai) menunjukkan bahawa kepelbagaian spesies tidak setinggi yang terdapat di Amerika Tengah (iaitu satu-satunya kawasan tropika terperinci yang telah disampel secara mendalam). Penyiasatan ke atas habitat-habitat akuatik menunjukkan bahawa spesies Corethrella tidak wujud di dalam ‘phytotelmata’ (badan air yang dipegang oleh tumbuh-tumbuhan) di Borneo, kecuali C. calathicola Edwards yang telah didapati di dalam beberapa spesies Nepenthes dan juga satu spesies Corethrella yang berkait rapat dengan kumpulan yang berasal dari spesies Neotropika yang terdapat di dalam lubang di bahagian batang pokok (C. calathicola berkemungkinan berasal dari Wilayah Neotropika). Analisis filogenetik menunjukkan bahawa, selain daripada C. calathicola, spesies Corethrella ini adalah ahli dari keturunan awal yang dikenali sebagai kumpulan spesies drakensbergensis (n = 6), adalah himpunan kelompok spesies yang terbesar di Dunia Lama dan Baru (n = 1) atau tidak dapat diletakkan secara filogenetik (berkemungkinan disebabkan oleh kekurangan sampel yang tidak matang dan sampel jantan) (n = 3).

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

First report oF the mating behavior oF a species oF Frog-biting miDge (Diptera: corethrelliDae)

swarming is a common mating behavior present throughout Diptera and, in particular, in species of lower flies (nematocerous Diptera). mating aggregations have been observed in the wild and in laboratory colonies of mosquitoes (culicidae) and phantom midges (chaoboridae), but have been assumed to be absent in their sister taxon, the frog-biting midges (corethrellidae). corethrellidae is a monoge...

متن کامل

World catalog of extant and fossil Corethrellidae (Diptera).

A world catalog of extant and fossil frog-biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae) provides full type information, known life stages, and distribution of each species. There are 105 extant and seven fossil species of Corethrellidae but unnamed species are known from Costa Rica, Colombia and Madagascar. New information on types and other important specimens are provided.

متن کامل

New species and records of frog-biting midges from southern Brazil (Diptera: Corethrellidae).

Corethrella borkenti sp. n. is described, based on female and male adults, pupae and larvae, collected from tank bromeliads in the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil. The larva and pupa of C. alticola Lane, 1939 are described for the first time. New distributional records for C. alticola and C. vittata Lane, 1939 extend their distributions to the southern Atlantic Forest. A key to pupae of peru...

متن کامل

An insight into the sialome of blood-feeding Nematocera.

Within the Diptera and outside the suborder Brachycera, the blood-feeding habit occurred at least twice, producing the present day sand flies, and the Culicomorpha, including the mosquitoes (Culicidae), black flies (Simulidae), biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) and frog feeding flies (Corethrellidae). Alternatives to this scenario are also discussed. Successful blood-feeding requires adaptations ...

متن کامل

Sergeia podlipaevi gen. nov., sp. nov. (Trypanosomatidae, Kinetoplastida), a parasite of biting midges (Ceratopogonidae, Diptera).

Three strains of a trypanosomatid protozoan were isolated from the midguts of two naturally infected species of biting midges [Culicoides (Oecacta) festivipennis and Culicoides (Oecacta) truncorum] and characterized by light and electron microscopy and by molecular techniques. Morphological characteristics and sequences of the 18S rRNA, 5S rRNA, spliced leader RNA and glycosomal glyceraldehyde-...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 1999